Powell et al. (University of Toronto/SCU, 2023) screened 100,000+ UAP reports from Project Blue Book, NICAP, CUFOS, MUFON, and France’s GEIPAN down to 301 reliable reports (1947-2016). Key findings by shape: (1) DISC — most common (36.5%). Three variants: domed ~30ft (2.5:1 ratio), domeless standard ~45ft (3:1), elongated ~125ft (7:1). (2) TRIANGLE — second most common (11%). 97% hover (32 of 33 reports). NEVER associated with EM effects. Equilateral type: 100-150ft, circular lights at each apex, smaller red light at centroid. (3) TIC-TAC (LOZENGE) — median 35ft, Fravor estimated 56ft. (4) BOOMERANG/RECTANGLE — largest at 300ft median. Confirmed sizes: sphere smallest at 20ft median; triangle at 170ft; cigar 150ft. Of 301 reports: 47 reported NO SOUND AT ALL; EM interference in 44 reports; 16 reports confirmed hover + Mach 1+ speed + no sound simultaneously (8 triangles, 5 discs, 1 oval, 1 sphere, 1 boomerang). Triangle and sphere/cigar most likely to display extreme acceleration. Cone, rectangle, egg, boomerang never reported at high speed. Triangular shapes appear absent from pre-1970s databases — suggesting a deployment shift post-1970.
