University of Toronto / SCU analysis (Powell, Hancock et al., December 2023) filtered 100,000+ reports down to 301 high-quality cases where shape was clearly visible, witnesses were reliable, and the object resisted explanation. Key findings: 16 cases exhibit the “impossible” combination — hovering + Mach 1+ speed + zero sound. Triangles account for 8 of these 16 cases. EM interference was NEVER reported for a triangle in the entire dataset. Equilateral triangles (median 100-150ft): 10 of 12 reports describe large circular lights at each apex and a smaller red light at the centroid. Triangle shape appeared in UAP reports starting in the 1970s — not present in 1947-1952 data. Largest shapes: diamond/rectangle and boomerang (median 300ft). Smallest: sphere (median 20ft). Tic-Tac/lozenge median: 35ft — consistent with Fravor’s 56ft estimate. Disk most common shape (36.5%). All shapes demonstrated hovering capability except light/plasma. The dataset is available publicly at zenodo.org and has been validated against 5 military and civilian UAP databases spanning 70 years.
